Tea and Coffee Industry
Tea and Coffee Industry
Tea and Coffee: In addition to indigo plantation , Europeans were attracted towards the cultivation and manufacture of tea in India.During the 18th century, the company had proposed for the introduction of Tea, but it was turned down by the directors in England. In 1834,the plans for the introduction of the tea in India were accorded sanction .Seeds,plants and laboures were brought from china and experimental gardens were started at a number of places along the south slopes of the Himalayas and Assam.
Since modern industries were established in locations convenient to the British, some parts of India progressed while others remained undeveloped. You must remember that most of these factories were originally owned by the British, and all the profit went to them.
Indian tea was marketed to London for the first time in 1838and the Assam company was formed in 1839. During the first decade of its operations,the Assam company made no profits and lost a considerable capital. In the early fifties , it began to yield large profits and with this began the extension of tea plantation.
Tea plantation gave opportunity of employment to a large number of persons since most of the processes were carried out manually. it was estimated that in 1887 about 500,000workers were employed in tea plantations.
Coffee: coffee is another plantation industry which was developed under the influence of Europeans. East India Company took interest in coffee growing as early as1823. Great inducements such as a grant of land on long lease were given for coffee planting.
In 1830,some 4000acres were under coffee cultivation but the yield was poor.Some experiments in the highlands of Southern India proved to be successful and within few years Mysore and the surrounding hilly region became an important coffee producing area and remains the sole source of coffee supply of coffee .
The growth of the industry remained steady between 1850and 1860and later there was a regular boom when many Europeans set out plantations . however,during the period 1877-1887 ,as many as 263 plantations were abandoned because of completion offered by cheap coffee from Brazil. During the next decade coffee suffered still more. With the rise of prices during the First World War and post -war period , the industry became more profitable are under cultivation rose gradually.
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